WEBJan 1, 2018 · In the present paper, life cycle analysis of several typical coal liquefaction technical routes are discussed with focuses on the emissions of SO 2, NO x, CO 2, costs of the process and energy efficiency. Technical routes of direct coal liquefaction and indirect coal liquefaction have been compared.
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WEBMay 1, 2021 · To update the methods used to provide clean and efficient conversion of coal, it is required to explore forward leading technology for the modern coal chemical industry, as shown in Fig. approaches include machinelearning technology for the efficient design and development of alysts (Han et al., 2017); high value, highend, .
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WEBMay 1, 2018 · Coal cracking radicals require hydrogen to be stabilized or they would recombine to form coke in liquefaction process. As a result, the requisite hydrogen also increases from 350 to 400 °C. As shown in Fig. 5, total hydrogen consumption at 350 °C is and mg/g under N 2 and H 2, respectively.
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WEBJan 1, 1994 · In the coal liquefaction process, scales and sludges, formed on the reactor walls, cause severe problems, which limit long operation. The crystal growth of chlorides and carbonates appears to trigger their formation, trapping the other solids. Hence major problems may come from ions, which react with carbon dioxide or chloride ions to .
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WEBFeb 1, 2000 · The 150 t/d NEDOL coal liquefaction pilot plant (PP) has validated the superior technical features with highly active liquefaction alyst and hydrogendonatable recycle solvent.
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WEBOct 1, 1982 · The basic process, which can be considered 'second generation' relative to other coal liquefaction processes under development today, is called the Chevron Coal Liquefaction Process (CCLP). This process and its variants have been studied in integrated laboratoryscale pilot plants with capacities of — kg (coal) day −1.
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WEBDec 1, 2014 · In the liquefaction process, it is usually thought that the solvent plays the role in transferring hydrogen from gas to free radical fragments of coal. The solvents with most effective Hdonor ability are those with a partially hydrogenated aromatic structure [27], and the hydroaromatic hydrogen is readily abstracted for stabilizing the coal ...
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WEB4 Liquefaction. Coal liquefaction is the process of making a liquid fuel from coal. The fundamental difference between coal, a solid, and liquid fuels is that the liquid fuels have a higher hydrogen:carbon ratio. Liquid fuels have lower ash contents and are easier to upgrade (, to remove unwanted impurities such as nitrogen and sulfur). ...
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WEBFeb 6, 2006 · Coal Liquefaction. Coal liquefaction is a process that converts coal from a solid state into liquid fuels, usually to provide substitutes for petroleum products. Coal liquefaction processes were first developed in the early part of the 20th century but later appliion was hindered by the relatively low price and wide availability of crude oil and .
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WEBThis paper presents a brief state of the art review of direct coal liquefaction. The review includes important pilot scale processes available for the liquefaction an a brief description of the structure of coal and the chemistry, mechanism and available lumped kinetic models for the liquefaction process. It also includes some discussions on ...
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WEBApr 1, 1974 · However, the Bureau of Mines is currently concentrating on development of the Synthoil process to convert coal into a very low‐sulfur boiler fuel and has successfully operated a half ton per day unit ( barrels/day). Estimates of cost of a low‐sulfur boiler fuel are to per barrel. Topics. Synthetic fuel, Crude oil, Gasoline ...
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WEBSubjects covered include coal liquefaction, coal gasifiion, desulfurization, hydrocracking, extraction, fluidizedbed combustion, etc. Evaluation and assessment of synthetic fuels made of coal for appliions in jet engines are also considered. A great part of papers also include economic consideration. Bibliography data at end of each article.
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WEBJan 8, 2014 · This paper studies the properties of the blends composed of DCLR (direct coal liquefaction residue) and asphalt using two different processing methods, compares the regulation that the DCLR additive content and processing method take influence on the hightemperature properties, lowtemperature properties and durability of the blends. It .
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WEBDec 1, 2021 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) at mild conditions (about 693 K and less than 10 MPa) is an important and efficient way for the conversion of coal to high valueadded chemicals and fuel oil. In the process of DCL, the pre‑hydrogenation of a recycle solvent is an important step and the recycle solvent is always heated from low temperatures to .
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WEBSep 15, 2001 · Takao Kaneko. Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Takasago Coal Liquefaction Center of Kobe Steel Ltd., Hyogo 676–8670, Japan. Search for more papers by this author
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WEBFeb 2, 2012 · The various geopolitical problems associated with oil have rekindled interest in coal, with many countries working on projects for its liquefaction. This study established the feasibility of coal liquefaction through a technical and economic examination of direct coal liquefaction (DCL), indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) and hybrid coal liquefaction .
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WEBJan 31, 2021 · Functional unit. A CTL factory in the Midwest of China was selected for this study; this factory performs a synthetic coalbased oil process with indirect coal liquefaction technology and a synthetic ammonia process (Xie et al. 2010).The primary steps include pressurized gasifiion to produce synthesis gas (or syngas), gas .
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WEBThis study aims to systematically illustrate the mechanism of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and modifiion on the coal liquefaction residue (CLR) and to identify the evolution and characteristics of the mesophase produced from the carbonization of SFE extracts. Results show that the extraction performance of SFE and the properties of the .
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WEBCoal resources have been used to produce liquid transportation fuels by several process routes, collectively referred to as coal liquefaction or, more generally stated, as Coal to Liquids (CTL). Early records of coal conversion to liquid fuel date to 1913 and an extraction process developed by Friedrich Bergius in Germany [ 7 ].
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WEBSep 1, 2015 · Typical liquefaction process is performed at 400 °C for 60 min under 5 MPa H 2 (initial pressure) in 2:1 (solvent: coal) tetralin solvent with 5% FeS + S (an equimolar mixture of FeS and S) as alyst. A detailed procedure of hydroliquefaction and separation can be seen elsewhere [31]. The AS and PA obtained by a batch .
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WEBMar 1, 1994 · This article is cited by 42 publiions. Tengfei Yang, Congcong Liu, Wenan Deng, Chuan Li, Liyong Gan, Qingshan Niu. Influence of the Iron Proportion on the Efficiency of an OilSoluble Ni–Fe Catalyst Applied in the Coliquefaction of Lignite and Heavy Residue.
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WEBApr 1, 2009 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) refers to hydrogenation of coal usually at 400–470 °C and an elevated H 2 pressure. DCL residue (DCLR) usually accounts for 20–30 wt.% coal that fed to the liquefaction reactor, and contains 30–50 wt.% heavy liquids [1], [2]. The use of DCLR is of importance for better economy of a DCL process.
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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