WEBAug 19, 2020 · The main objective of this paper is to carry out a technoeconomic evaluation for the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process based on the two primary conversion options under consideration: (a) alytic coal liquefaction (CCL) – the use of nondonor solvents with added hydrogen pressure and (b) thermal coal liquefaction .
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WEBDCL technology was invented by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. This technology directly produces liquid fuels from coal with the basic process that dissolves coal at high temperature and pressure and adds hydrogen to increase the hydrogen content [11]. DCL is the most efficient technology among the three current technologies.
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WEBDownloadable! The growing demand for petroleum, accompanied by the declining petroleum reserves and the concerns over energy security, has intensified the interest in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), particularly in countries such as China which is rich in coal resources, but short of petroleum. In addition to a general introduction on the .
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WEBDue to insecurity in the crude oil supply and global warming, various alternative technologies for fuel production are being investigated. In this project, indirect, direct, and hybrid liquefaction routes are investigated for production of transportation fuels from coal and biomass. Indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) and direct coal liquefaction (DCL) .
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WEBHydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass, and other macromolecules, into crudelike oil under moderate temperature and high pressure. The crudelike oil has high energy density with a lower heating value of MJ/kg and 520 wt% oxygen and renewable chemicals. The process has also .
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WEBFeb 1, 2011 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) converts solid coal (H/C ratio ≈ ) to liquid fuels (H/C ratio ≈ 2) by adding hydrogen at high temperature and pressures in the presence or absence of alyst. This review provides a comprehensive literature survey of the coal structure, chemistry and alysis involved in direct liquefaction of coal.
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WEBNov 1, 2023 · The thermochemical conversion of biomass, including liquefaction, torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasifiion technologies, has attracted worldwide attention because these processes can convert biomass into alternative, sustainable, and ecofriendly fuels, such as biochar, biooil, and H 2 rich gas. However, there are some .
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WEBOct 1, 2016 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is an important way of coal conversion and is important to the global energy industry. In this paper, a typical liquefied coal–Naomaohu coal (NMHC)–was liquefied under mild conditions (400 °C, initial H 2 pressure of 3 MPa), and a NMHC conversion of % was obtained with an oil+gas yield of %. In the ...
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WEBOct 1, 1996 · Introduction Waste materials are increasingly being studied as coliquefaction agents for the firststage conversion of coal to liquid fuels. In a conventional direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process, firststage conversion refers to the formation of relatively heavy products (in the asphaltene and preasphaltene range) from the coal.
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WEBMar 7, 2024 · The indirect coal liquefaction process was developed by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch in 1923 after they learned about the patented DCL process. This process involves first converting coal to synthesis gas (syngas) and then alytically converting the synthesis gas into liquid, primarily alkanes and alkenes such as fuels like diesel, petrol ...
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WEBDec 1, 2020 · Generally, biomass gasifiion is an endothermic thermochemical conversion of solid biomass fuel using gasifying agents such as air, steam or CO 2 to form a mixture of combustible gases which may include H 2, CH 4, CO and CO 2. The process is carried out at temperatures between 800 and 1300°C.
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WEBFeb 1, 2000 · Maximum conversion (98%) and maximum oil + gas yield (70%) from this coal were obtained by impregnating AHM onto coal and carrying out liquefaction in H2/tetralin system at 450 °C for 30 min.
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WEBJan 12, 1998 · A previous paper has shown that direct coal liquefaction in the absence of a alyst consists of two distinct stages which are readily distinguishable with an appropriate short contact time liquefaction reactor and thermogravimetric analysis. The first stage, an extraction of liquefaction solventsoluble material in the coal, is very .
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WEBAug 1, 1984 · The use of highcarbonbased feeds to produce alternative fuels and valueadded chemicals is discussed. Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, .
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WEBJul 1, 2012 · Direct coal liquefaction process is the core of ... study of the DCL technology conducted by using rigorous process and economic models especially while considering CO 2 capture, biomass co ...
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WEBMar 23, 2022 · Thermochemical conversion to produce liquid yield using biomass as a feedstock still facing constraints to directly use the produced biooil. High oxygenated compounds of biooil seek an upgrading process to enhance the quality. However, a number of upgrading processes can be considered to enhance the oil's quality.
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WEBIn addition to a general introduction on the mechanisms and processes of DCL, this paper overviews some recent advances in DCL technology with respect to the influencing factors for DCL reactions (temperature, solvent, pressure, atmospheres, etc.), the effects of coal pretreatments for DCL (swelling, thermal treatment, hydrothermal treatment ...
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WEBJan 23, 2015 · Coal liquefaction, currently termed coal to liquids (CTL) [], is a chemical process for producing synthetic transportation fuels from coal to replace or supplement conventional supplies of diesel oil and gasoline derived largely from petroleum [].Technologically, there are two primary routes for CTL production—direct coal .
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WEBJul 27, 2022 · Fundamentals of HTL. Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), also known as hydrous pyrolysis (Jazrawi 2014; Goswami et al. 2020b), is thermochemical conversion of biomass in a hightemperature pressurized environment (Yang and Yang 2019), in the presence of hot compressed water at subcritical conditions, mainly into a liquid product .
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WEBNov 1, 2011 · Several experimental studies have been conducted for coprocessing coal and biomass using direct liquefaction processes [10,20,21], but those processes have been barely modeled at either equipment ...
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WEBDec 1, 2016 · Block flow diagrams (BFD) of direct CBTL plants are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. technology is the core technology for all different configurations. Coal and biomass with a low biomass/coal ratio (8/92 wt basis, base case) are mixed with the recycled oil in the slurry tank, and then pressurized and preheated before being fed to .
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WEBNov 1, 2022 · The cofeeding of coal and biomass and integrating high and lowtemperature processes can significantly improve the environmental performance of ICL [21], [22]. Coal to fuel ethanol (CTFE) is considered a promising substitute for gasoline in vehicles, but its environmental performances are much worse than those of fuel .
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WEBNov 21, 2000 · The float–sink density separation method was used to produce a < g cm−3 coal density fraction. The sample was subjected to tetralin liquefaction experiments and pyrolysed to produce char ...
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WEBMay 1, 1999 · An overview of conversion of residues from coal liquefaction processes. S. Khare M. Dell'amico. Environmental Science, Chemistry. 2013. Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a process for converting coal to synthetic oils, which can be refined to make transportation fuels. Residue from this process contains inorganic material such as..
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WEBBiomass is often referred to as a carbon–neutral energy source, and it has a role in reducing fossil fuel depletion. In addition, biomass can be converted efficiently into various forms of biofuels. The biomass conversion processes involve several thermochemical, biochemical, and hydrothermal methods for biomass treatment integration. The most .
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WEBDec 1, 2003 · This paper reports detailed process designs and cost assessments for production of clean liquid fuels (methanol and dimethyl ether) by indirect coal liquefaction (ICL). Gasifiion of coal pro ...
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WEBNov 1, 2022 · The cofeeding of coal and biomass and integrating high and lowtemperature processes can significantly improve the environmental performance of ICL [21], [22]. Coal to fuel ethanol (CTFE) is considered a promising substitute for gasoline in vehicles, but its environmental performances are much worse than those of fuel .
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WEBMar 18, 2013 · The conversion of these DCL residues to lighter, highvalue products is an important step in helping to make this technology both commercially viable and environmentally acceptable. This paper provides an overview of the physicochemical characteristics and processing options available for coal liquefaction residues and .
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WEBDirect liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. ... A new process for alytic liquefaction of coal using dispersed MoS2 alyst generated in situ with added H2O. Fuel 2000, 79 ... Mechanochemical effects in coal conversion. 1. Coal hydrogenation in gaseous hydrogen aided by mechanical .
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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